Media scholar Vanessa Otero provides a "Media Bias Chart" on her website and blog. The chart is a visual guide to reliable and unreliable sources of information and news.
What is cognitive bias?
"A cognitive bias is a mistake in reasoning, evaluating, remembering, or other cognitive process, often occurring as a result of holding onto one's preferences and beliefs regardless of contrary information."
(Source:https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/cognitive-bias-13)
There are five types of cognitive bias:
Watch the video below to learn more about how cognitive bias can lead you to believe in fake news:
View an explanation about more cognitive biases at this video by Practical Psychology and Ismonoff TV:
12 Cognitive Biases Explained - How to Think Better and More Logically Removing Bias
According to Oxford Living Dictionary:
The filter bubble is largely connected to social media, especially Facebook. We isolate ourselves from different opinions and perspectives, which makes it difficult for us to change our minds and be open to other beliefs (borrowed from Rose-Stockwell's How We Broke Democracy).
Watch the videos below to learn more about Filter Bubbles:
Have you ever wondered how and why Google orders search results? Have you ever noticed that your search results are different than a friends? This is because Google tailors its results to the individual. Do not make the mistake that your top search results are the BEST results. This is far from the case. Your top results are based on your searching history and ads. Watch the video below to learn more:
Social media and web search engine algorithms are deliberately opaque. Algorithms often reinforce our existing biases. Unlike media stories, how these online tools distribute fake news is not open to scrutiny. In this opinion article from the New York Times, "How to Monitor Fake News," Tom Wheeler suggests a way to open up social media algorithms to public scrutiny without compromising individual privacy.